Unknown appeals of the mid-16th century Kaunas citizens to the assessors’ court and the court "in Relationibus" in the so-called voivodeship of Podlachia books of the Lithuanian Metrica.

Senasis Kauno miesto archyvas, tiksliau, jo archyvalijos, po įvairių likimo negandų laimingai pasiekusios mūsų dienas, užima ypatingą vietą XVI a. Lietuvos miestų istoriografijoje ir šaltiniotyroje. Joks kitas Lietuvos miestas neturi tiek XVI a. vadinamųjų aktų knygų, o štai Kaunui pavyko išsaugoti net 12 skirtingos apimties ir būklės rankraštinių tomų, kurie dabar yra Vilniaus universiteto bibliotekos ir Lietuvos valstybės istorijos archyvo fonduose. Vis dėlto net ši laimingai išlikusi medžiaga yra fragmentiška. Ją sudaro tik tarybos ir vaito įstaigų knygos (jos taip pat turi didelių chronologijos spragų), o Kauno suolininkų XVI a. knygų iš viso neišliko. Taip pat neišliko jokių kompleksinių XVI a. Kauno miesto iždo istorijos šaltinių, yra žinomi tik pabiri dokumentai. Naivu tikėtis XXI a. rasti nežinomos rankraštinės medžiagos, iš esmės pakeisiančios XVI a. Kauno miesto istorinių šaltinių bazę, galimi tik didesni ar mažesni jos papildymai. Toks yra ir šio straipsnio tikslas - pristatyti nežinomas XVI a. vidurio Kauno miestiečių apeliacijas valdovo teismui.The aim of the article is to present the hitherto unknown facts relating to the appeals of Kaunas citizens filed with the assessors’ court and the court in relationibus of the GDL in the first half of the 16th-mid-17th century. The assessors’ court was the main instance of appeal in the GDL which on the sovereign’s behalf, alongside other cases, dealt with the complaints of the citizens of state or royal cities that were granted Magdeburg rights with regard to the rulings of the courts of the first instance, namely the courts of the council, voigt (vaitas), and benchers (suolininkai), in the said cities. The court in relationibus was a higher level of the assessors’ court. These courts would mostly hear cases forwarded from the assessor’s and other courts. The Lithuanian Metrica is a block of the GDL chancellery books. The Voivodeship of Podlachia is a territory comprising mostly the lands of Drohiczin, Bielsk, and Mielnik which from 1513 was administered by the Voivode of Podlachia, was part of the GDL until 1569 but, following the Union of Lublin of 1569, was handed over to Poland. Out of 12 Voivodeship of Podlachia books at the moment 8 are available for the use of researchers. Out of the documents that are of importance to the city of Kaunas, the following are worth mentioning: firstly a group of files related to the arguments of the former voigt Stanislovas Stanas with the authorities of the city and individual citizens (No. 25,46-49, 57). They offer important information on the relations between the city’s officials and certain data on the books of the voigt office. Two orders of Žygimantas Augustas (Sigismund II Augustus) with regard of the order of filing appeals with the sovereign’s (assessors’) court and court fees (No. 79 and 95) are of particular importance. Several documents (No. 33, 40, 66) refer to Jonas Kojala, the ancestor of the renowned Lithuanian historian of the 17th century Albertas Vijūkas-Kojalavičius (Albert Wijuk Kojalowicz) (1609-1677) borm in Kaunas; there is also unexpected information about the relatives of another famous historian - Pole Marcin Kromer (1512-1589) living in Kaunas (No. 68, 76, 81, 85). Uršulė Liubnerienė-Špilienė’s argument with the Council of Kaunas with regard to the role of the latter in the unlawful sell-out of the timber owned by the woman’s husband Jonas Špilis in Königsberg (No. 88) and the argument of Margarita Šukienė, the widow of the former voigt Jokūbas Šulcas with regard to the retrieval of the possessions of the late voigt (No. 90) are also worth mentioning